Annotated Bibliography
Primary Sources:
Cruice, Valerie. "JAZZ AMATERUS JOIN FOR ''HAPPY MUSIC''." New York Times 16 Nov. 1986. Gale U.S. History In Context. Web. 3 Feb. 2013.
I got this source from the library website and it was really interesting to me because it was the first interview I could get my hands on. The interviewee is Bill Gray of Darien. I’m really excited to have figured out how to use the library primary source tools, they’ve been extremely helpful. The information in this article really describes how important jazz was to all of the people surrounded by it and how it was “happy music.”
"Echoes From The 1920s: 40 Vintage Jazz Age Recordings by Various Artists on AllMusic." AllMusic. Rovi Corp, n.d. Web. 24 Feb. 2013. http://www.allmusic.com/album/echoes-from-the-1920s-40-vintage-jazz-age-recordings-mw0002281921
I took your advice and researched jazz recordings from the ‘20s and found a website for a CD being sold with recordings of forty songs that I could use in a potential website. It has wonderful music on it from various artists. It is a very credible site and I’m really excited to use some of the clips! I can use some of the artists given on this site to research them and gain more information.
Loengard, John. Louis Armstrong's Performance at the Steel Pier. 1965. Photograph. TIME Life, n.p.
This is a wonderful image that shows Louis Armstrong, a very famous artist in the ‘20’s getting ready to perform a duet to a multiracial audience. That strongly proves my point in how jazz brought people together no matter what race they were.
Secondary Sources:
"1920's Music." 1920's Music. 1920-30.com, n.d. Web. 29 Jan. 2013.
This source provides pictures and information about what jazz was like behind the scenes of public eye. It discusses the importance of speakeasies and how influential the change of pace in “modern” music was. I also learned how jazz was also known as the music of the devil, therefore it was not clearly accepted by all. Blues, Ragtime and Jazz were all very popular, especially through the clubs and dance halls that were newly opened at the start of the
20’s.
"The Arts in the Depression." Depression America. Ed. Claire Ellerton, Edward Horton, Christine Hatt, and Lee Stacy. Vol. 5. Danbury, CT: Grolier Educational, 2001. N. pag. Print. Depression America.
This book was helpful because it provided many details about numerous figures in the Jazz Age such as the Gershwins and Copland. It gives many important dates, and great pictures as well. It certainly also adds to how important jazz was to pop culture in the US during this time.
Forman, George. The African American Encyclopedia. Ed. Michael W. Williams. Vol. 3. New York, London, Toronto: Marshall Cavendish, 1993. Print.
This encyclopedia supplied me with an entry that gave me really helpful information on Harlem, New York and the effects of jazz, entertainment and performing arts during the Harlem Renaissance. This is a very reliable source because it is a reference book found in the library. I learned that Harlem was the center of musical entertainment. White and black people were found there connecting over the power of jazz.
""The Roaring Twenties"" ThinkQuest. Oracle Foundation, n.d. Web. 01 Feb. 2013.
This website was really helpful in just giving little details to help support my ideas about Jazz in the 20’s. It describes the “Roaring Twenties” and gives a different point of view than the previous sites I’ve looked at. African American’s progress was really noted a lot in this source providing me with good details about them as well.
Hardy, P. Stephen., and Sheila Jackson. Hardy. "The Jazz Age." Extraordinary People of the Harlem Renaissance. New York: Children's, 2000. 43-47. Print.
This book was really helpful with finding information about the jazz age and really emphasized the highlights of the music in the Harlem Renaissance. It also has chapters on famous musicians that helped make jazz change the way Americans viewed music.
Hasse, John Edward. Jazz: The First Century. New York: William Morrow, 2000. Print.
This book was really helpful with providing a list of key recordings that made a difference in jazz history. It has amazing images from the 20’s including concerts and even advertisements. It also gives great background information on the Harlem, and lively places full of jazz and music such as the Cotton Club. This is a very reliable source because it is a book from the reference section. It’s also an impressive source because while it is about a topic that’s decades old, the book is fairly new - packing in a lot of information.
McDonald, Heather. "Jazz in the 1920s." LoveToKnow. LoveToKnow Corp., n.d. Web. 03 Feb. 2013.
This was a really great source for my project because it was extremely helpful when it came to the really important musical figures in the twenties and there is a lot included about the controversy that came with expression through jazz music for African Americans. Just because they were thriving through music, doesn’t mean that racism disappeared, therefore making life really hard for them despite their talents. It also does a great job summarizing how jazz was a turning point for the US.
Powell, Richard J., and David A. Bailey. "Modern Tunes." Rhapsodies in Black: Art of the Harlem Renaissance. London: Hayward Gallery, 1997. 103-08. Print.
This book was a really helpful source because it gives a lot of information on the traditions and culture of African-American people during the Harlem Renaissance and how much their ways helped shape the life of jazz. It also provides great images of famous black artists in the twenties.
"Roaring Twenties." U*X*L Encyclopedia of U.S. History. Sonia Benson, Daniel E. Brannen, Jr., and Rebecca Valentine. Ed. Lawrence W. Baker and Sarah Hermsen. Vol. 7. Detroit: UXL, 2009. 1318-1322. Gale U.S. History In Context. Web. 3 Feb. 2013.
This article talks a lot about different elements of the impact of the 1920s overall with issues including politics, literature, pop culture and more and provides good details about how music affected the US. Seeing different elements of the several turning points in the twenties should be helpful. I also got this source from the online library references.
Roberts, Caroline. "Jazz in the 1920s." Life123.com. Life123, an IAC Company, n.d. Web. 29 Jan. 2013.
This short article gives plenty of information about the “mood of jazz”, “the limits of jazz”, the technological and musical revolution brought on by jazz, and the known performers of jazz in the 20’s. This seems like a legitimate source that contains reliable information. I learned how important jazz was to the people in the 20’s from this article.
Teichroew, Jacob. "Jazz By Decade: 1920 - 1930." About.com. About.com, n.d. Web. 29 Jan. 2013.
About.com was the publisher of this source and it had a lot of information on the audience for jazz and why jazz became so popular. I learned that prohibition was what sparked the interest in jazz because instead of publicly drinking, people went to speakeasies and private places to drink secretly while being surrounded by jazz. This website also provides links to other articles that I’ve yet to look into, as well as profiles of famous people in the 20’s.
""The Roaring Twenties"" ThinkQuest. Oracle Foundation, n.d. Web. 01 Feb. 2013.
This website was really helpful in just giving little details to help support my ideas about Jazz in the 20’s. It describes the “Roaring Twenties” and gives a different point of view than the previous sites I’ve looked at. African American’s progress was really noted a lot in this source providing me with good details about them as well.
Cruice, Valerie. "JAZZ AMATERUS JOIN FOR ''HAPPY MUSIC''." New York Times 16 Nov. 1986. Gale U.S. History In Context. Web. 3 Feb. 2013.
I got this source from the library website and it was really interesting to me because it was the first interview I could get my hands on. The interviewee is Bill Gray of Darien. I’m really excited to have figured out how to use the library primary source tools, they’ve been extremely helpful. The information in this article really describes how important jazz was to all of the people surrounded by it and how it was “happy music.”
"Echoes From The 1920s: 40 Vintage Jazz Age Recordings by Various Artists on AllMusic." AllMusic. Rovi Corp, n.d. Web. 24 Feb. 2013. http://www.allmusic.com/album/echoes-from-the-1920s-40-vintage-jazz-age-recordings-mw0002281921
I took your advice and researched jazz recordings from the ‘20s and found a website for a CD being sold with recordings of forty songs that I could use in a potential website. It has wonderful music on it from various artists. It is a very credible site and I’m really excited to use some of the clips! I can use some of the artists given on this site to research them and gain more information.
Loengard, John. Louis Armstrong's Performance at the Steel Pier. 1965. Photograph. TIME Life, n.p.
This is a wonderful image that shows Louis Armstrong, a very famous artist in the ‘20’s getting ready to perform a duet to a multiracial audience. That strongly proves my point in how jazz brought people together no matter what race they were.
Secondary Sources:
"1920's Music." 1920's Music. 1920-30.com, n.d. Web. 29 Jan. 2013.
This source provides pictures and information about what jazz was like behind the scenes of public eye. It discusses the importance of speakeasies and how influential the change of pace in “modern” music was. I also learned how jazz was also known as the music of the devil, therefore it was not clearly accepted by all. Blues, Ragtime and Jazz were all very popular, especially through the clubs and dance halls that were newly opened at the start of the
20’s.
"The Arts in the Depression." Depression America. Ed. Claire Ellerton, Edward Horton, Christine Hatt, and Lee Stacy. Vol. 5. Danbury, CT: Grolier Educational, 2001. N. pag. Print. Depression America.
This book was helpful because it provided many details about numerous figures in the Jazz Age such as the Gershwins and Copland. It gives many important dates, and great pictures as well. It certainly also adds to how important jazz was to pop culture in the US during this time.
Forman, George. The African American Encyclopedia. Ed. Michael W. Williams. Vol. 3. New York, London, Toronto: Marshall Cavendish, 1993. Print.
This encyclopedia supplied me with an entry that gave me really helpful information on Harlem, New York and the effects of jazz, entertainment and performing arts during the Harlem Renaissance. This is a very reliable source because it is a reference book found in the library. I learned that Harlem was the center of musical entertainment. White and black people were found there connecting over the power of jazz.
""The Roaring Twenties"" ThinkQuest. Oracle Foundation, n.d. Web. 01 Feb. 2013.
This website was really helpful in just giving little details to help support my ideas about Jazz in the 20’s. It describes the “Roaring Twenties” and gives a different point of view than the previous sites I’ve looked at. African American’s progress was really noted a lot in this source providing me with good details about them as well.
Hardy, P. Stephen., and Sheila Jackson. Hardy. "The Jazz Age." Extraordinary People of the Harlem Renaissance. New York: Children's, 2000. 43-47. Print.
This book was really helpful with finding information about the jazz age and really emphasized the highlights of the music in the Harlem Renaissance. It also has chapters on famous musicians that helped make jazz change the way Americans viewed music.
Hasse, John Edward. Jazz: The First Century. New York: William Morrow, 2000. Print.
This book was really helpful with providing a list of key recordings that made a difference in jazz history. It has amazing images from the 20’s including concerts and even advertisements. It also gives great background information on the Harlem, and lively places full of jazz and music such as the Cotton Club. This is a very reliable source because it is a book from the reference section. It’s also an impressive source because while it is about a topic that’s decades old, the book is fairly new - packing in a lot of information.
McDonald, Heather. "Jazz in the 1920s." LoveToKnow. LoveToKnow Corp., n.d. Web. 03 Feb. 2013.
This was a really great source for my project because it was extremely helpful when it came to the really important musical figures in the twenties and there is a lot included about the controversy that came with expression through jazz music for African Americans. Just because they were thriving through music, doesn’t mean that racism disappeared, therefore making life really hard for them despite their talents. It also does a great job summarizing how jazz was a turning point for the US.
Powell, Richard J., and David A. Bailey. "Modern Tunes." Rhapsodies in Black: Art of the Harlem Renaissance. London: Hayward Gallery, 1997. 103-08. Print.
This book was a really helpful source because it gives a lot of information on the traditions and culture of African-American people during the Harlem Renaissance and how much their ways helped shape the life of jazz. It also provides great images of famous black artists in the twenties.
"Roaring Twenties." U*X*L Encyclopedia of U.S. History. Sonia Benson, Daniel E. Brannen, Jr., and Rebecca Valentine. Ed. Lawrence W. Baker and Sarah Hermsen. Vol. 7. Detroit: UXL, 2009. 1318-1322. Gale U.S. History In Context. Web. 3 Feb. 2013.
This article talks a lot about different elements of the impact of the 1920s overall with issues including politics, literature, pop culture and more and provides good details about how music affected the US. Seeing different elements of the several turning points in the twenties should be helpful. I also got this source from the online library references.
Roberts, Caroline. "Jazz in the 1920s." Life123.com. Life123, an IAC Company, n.d. Web. 29 Jan. 2013.
This short article gives plenty of information about the “mood of jazz”, “the limits of jazz”, the technological and musical revolution brought on by jazz, and the known performers of jazz in the 20’s. This seems like a legitimate source that contains reliable information. I learned how important jazz was to the people in the 20’s from this article.
Teichroew, Jacob. "Jazz By Decade: 1920 - 1930." About.com. About.com, n.d. Web. 29 Jan. 2013.
About.com was the publisher of this source and it had a lot of information on the audience for jazz and why jazz became so popular. I learned that prohibition was what sparked the interest in jazz because instead of publicly drinking, people went to speakeasies and private places to drink secretly while being surrounded by jazz. This website also provides links to other articles that I’ve yet to look into, as well as profiles of famous people in the 20’s.
""The Roaring Twenties"" ThinkQuest. Oracle Foundation, n.d. Web. 01 Feb. 2013.
This website was really helpful in just giving little details to help support my ideas about Jazz in the 20’s. It describes the “Roaring Twenties” and gives a different point of view than the previous sites I’ve looked at. African American’s progress was really noted a lot in this source providing me with good details about them as well.
Visuals
Pictures:
http://e08595.medialib.glogster.com/media/65/659a8b969ea263c427b4e393b7d9d3459a1cef4d6dbb69a3f4a9d2154bb6a0dd/jband.jpg
Jazz Band - Home page
http://www.albany.edu/faculty/jjpowers/risp361/projects/F_Viau_Jim/jazz.jpg
“Jazz Flourishes” Postage Stamp - Important Ideas page
http://dogpossum.org/wp-content/uploads/la.jpg
Louis Armstrong with Barbra Streisand
http://images37.concordmusicgroup.com/artists/fullsize/ellaFitzgerald.jpg
Ella Fitzgerald - Important People
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Billie_Holiday_0001_original.jpg/220px-Billie_Holiday_0001_original.jpg
Billie Holiday - Important People
http://macaulay.cuny.edu/eportfolios/drabik11/files/2011/05/ellingtonphoto.jpg
Duke Ellington - Important People
http://external.ak.fbcdn.net/safe_image.php?d=AQDWK0zeyCWoDQmf&w=720&h=538&url=http%3A%2F%2Fupload.wikimedia.org%2Fwikipedia%2Fcommons%2Fthumb%2Fc%2Fcb%2FRed_allen_loc.jpg%2F720px-Red_allen_loc.jpg
Joe “King” Oliver - Important People
http://www.jazzfm.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/06/don-ricos-gypsy-jazz-band-in-the-1920s.jpg
Jazz Band (White) - Important Ideas
http://www.charlestonchallengedownunder.com.au/wp-content/uploads/2011/11/charleston-dance-1920s.jpg
Women dancing the Charleston (arose when Jazz did)
http://www.pcs.org/assets/uploads/the-cotton-club-1936.jpg
The Cotton Club - important ideas
http://www.classicaltv.com/blog/assets-uploaded/georgeandira.jpg
George & Ira Gershwin - Important People
https://sites.google.com/site/historyfordummies2/unit-7/the-roaring-20-s-the-jazz-age
Louis Armstrong and band
Videos:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&v=4o1ZQ6BXKEo
http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&v=FferX_P7SVs
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TRveIIe4uAs - dancing the charleston
http://e08595.medialib.glogster.com/media/65/659a8b969ea263c427b4e393b7d9d3459a1cef4d6dbb69a3f4a9d2154bb6a0dd/jband.jpg
Jazz Band - Home page
http://www.albany.edu/faculty/jjpowers/risp361/projects/F_Viau_Jim/jazz.jpg
“Jazz Flourishes” Postage Stamp - Important Ideas page
http://dogpossum.org/wp-content/uploads/la.jpg
Louis Armstrong with Barbra Streisand
http://images37.concordmusicgroup.com/artists/fullsize/ellaFitzgerald.jpg
Ella Fitzgerald - Important People
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Billie_Holiday_0001_original.jpg/220px-Billie_Holiday_0001_original.jpg
Billie Holiday - Important People
http://macaulay.cuny.edu/eportfolios/drabik11/files/2011/05/ellingtonphoto.jpg
Duke Ellington - Important People
http://external.ak.fbcdn.net/safe_image.php?d=AQDWK0zeyCWoDQmf&w=720&h=538&url=http%3A%2F%2Fupload.wikimedia.org%2Fwikipedia%2Fcommons%2Fthumb%2Fc%2Fcb%2FRed_allen_loc.jpg%2F720px-Red_allen_loc.jpg
Joe “King” Oliver - Important People
http://www.jazzfm.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/06/don-ricos-gypsy-jazz-band-in-the-1920s.jpg
Jazz Band (White) - Important Ideas
http://www.charlestonchallengedownunder.com.au/wp-content/uploads/2011/11/charleston-dance-1920s.jpg
Women dancing the Charleston (arose when Jazz did)
http://www.pcs.org/assets/uploads/the-cotton-club-1936.jpg
The Cotton Club - important ideas
http://www.classicaltv.com/blog/assets-uploaded/georgeandira.jpg
George & Ira Gershwin - Important People
https://sites.google.com/site/historyfordummies2/unit-7/the-roaring-20-s-the-jazz-age
Louis Armstrong and band
Videos:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&v=4o1ZQ6BXKEo
http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&v=FferX_P7SVs
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TRveIIe4uAs - dancing the charleston